Isn't it a bit unfair to say that China and India have never amounted to a world power? Our notion of "world power" is primarily defined by our preconceived notions of modern globalization. Remember, the entire reason America was founded was indirectly because a Spaniard got lost on his way to find a sea route to China and India (although not the modern countries of today), two of the richest areas of the world at that time.
In addition, culture is a poor determinant of superpower status. Jeez, we had slaves until 1865 and institutionalized racism was legally a-ok until about 40 years ago. We were becoming a world power as we massacred Indians on the Plains, raped Central America for the United Fruit Company, and lynched blacks for looking "the wrong way at white women". America's race problems are still very real, and have not gone away because the Obamessiah is getting the nomination.
It's not the fact that India has an ancient culture, it's the fact that they missed industrialization thanks to British Imperialism, and are thus, just catching up now. Their resources were one of the key factors in Britain becoming the world power in the 19th century. The imperialist totalitarianism they imposed (a common thread with China) on the Indian people kept the region subjugated for about 90 years (I'm not factoring in the Independence movement).
Totalitarians don't stifle economic output. They kill whoever they need to to increase it. Plus, it's a stretch to even consider China "planned" at this point. They are Stalinist Hypercapitalists. They let the proles and agrarians starve and suffer while being promised the fruits of socialism while they shower favor on the middle class and multinational corporations, who line the pockets of the Politburo members.
Wow, that was a long response. I'm at least glad I can have a civilized debate here.