Well, i'm back again...
I restored an disk imgage from April 2.
The Windows Updater listed the following updates to do.
The names are in german, but the KB number should help.
I rebooted in between:
First Updates:
Windows-Tool zum Entfernen bosartiger Software x64 -
v5.125 (KB890830)
2024-05 Kumulatives Update für .NET Framework 3.5
und 4.8.1 für Windows 11, version 23H2 für x64
(KB5037591)
Intel - SoftwareComponent - 1.71.99.0
Update für Microsoft Defender Antivirus
Antischadsoftwareplattform - KB4052623 (Version
4.18.24050.7) - Aktueller Kanal (Allgemein)
>>> Reboot
>>> Start11 works fine.
>>> Next updates:
HP Inc. - SoftwareComponent - 1.66.3762.0
HP Inc. - SoftwareComponent - 4.2.2101.0
2024-06 Kumulatives Update für Windows 11 Version
23H2 für x64-basierte Systeme (KB5039212)
>>> Reboot
>>> Start 11 shows the mess i described.
HP Inc. - Firmware - 15.14.0.0
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It seems to me KB5039212 causes the mess. Probably the HP updates, whatever those are? I don't know.
I hope that helps.