Advanced Science mod

work in progress

Hello,

when playing games with large research tree, I was always irritated to have "inventions" like "laser 1", "laser 2"  etc.

A great potencial for modding of GC2 fascinates me and I've started to work on tech tree which is intended to look much realistic as possible. I wanted to have an inventions that are based on real scientific research or at least on scientific hypotheses.

The burst of science in last decade gives much possibilities to do that. So I sat and "do the homework" - read scientific journals and sites for a few weeks in search for suitable scientific ideas. I've also systematized the previous information I've collected.

The results somehow encourages me - I was able to made acceptable (for me) tech tree for the defensive technologies (armour, point defences and shields). Now I'm working on weapons, sensors and drives.

When I'll finish with them, I'll try to incorporate all collected data in one big "Scientific correct" mod.

Meanwhile I can share my finished work for discussion. Please do not judge me hard - I tried to make a science based predictions, but no one in this world cannot say what will look like the things which are not yet invented! :)

For a start, I will post the armour section:

4,689 views 6 replies
Reply #1 Top

Armour:

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1.Steel Armour - Steel armour plate must be strong, hard, and tough, not shatter when struck with a fast, hard blow. These characteristics is produced by processing cast steel billets of appropriate size and then rolling them into plates of required thickness. Rolling and forging irons out the grain structure in the steel, removing imperfections which would reduce the strength of the steel. Rolling also elongates the grain structure in the steel to form long lines, which enable the stress the steel is placed under when loaded to flow throughout the metal, and not be concentrated in one area. To complete the armour, the face of the rolled homogenous steel plate is hardened by a heat-treatment process.

 

2.Titanium Armour - Due to their high tensile strength to density ratio, high corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, high crack resistance, and ability to withstand moderately high temperatures without creeping, titanium alloys (Titanium alloyed with Vanadium, Molibdenium and other metals) are used to make armour with better characteristics than Steel armour. The only drawback is that this armour is more expensive than the Steel.

3.Titanium Carbide Armour - Titanium carbide, TiC, is an extremely hard refractory metallic material. It's resistance to penetration is better than standard Titanium Armour plate, allowing to make thinner and lighter plates to ensure same levels of protection.

4.Titanium Diboride Armour - Titanium diboride (TiB2) is an extremely hard ceramic compound composed of titanium and boron which has excellent resistance to mechanical erosion. TiB2 is very similar to titanium carbide, and many of its properties (e.g. hardness, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and oxidation resistance) are superior to those of TiC. TiB2 does not occur naturally. Among various synthesis routes, electrochemical synthesis and solid state reactions have been developed to prepare finer Titanium Diboride in large quantity. Such solid state reaction is the Borothermic reduction, a reaction of Titanium Dioxide with Tetraboron Carbide.

5.Zylon Armour - Zylon is a trademarked name for a synthetic polymer material - Thermoset Liquid Crystalline Polyoxazole. Zylon is used in a number of applications that require very high strength with excellent thermal stability.

The major drawback is that Zylon properties degrades over time. The spacecraft armor consists of Zylon plates on Titanium Diboride foundation. The plates shutter on impact, absorbing most of the kinetic energy of the penetrator. The maintenance on regular basis is needed, to replace Zylon plates, which makes this armour quite expensive.

6.Composite Armour - Composite armour is a type of armour consisting of layers of different material such as metals, plastics, ceramics or even gases. Most composite armour are lighter than their all-metal equivalent, but instead occupy a larger volume for the same resistance to penetration. It is possible to design composite armour stronger, lighter and less voluminous than traditional armour, but the cost is often prohibitively high, restricting its use to especially vulnerable parts of a vehicle.

7.Depleted Uranium Armour - For additional increase of the penetration resistance, the Composite armour can incorporate an additional inner layer of Depleted Uranium. Depleted uranium (DU) is uranium primarily composed of the isotope uranium-238. DU is useful because of its very high density.

8. Boron Armour - The mass production of armour, which uses heavy metals and isotopes is costly and resource consuming. To reduce the cost and ease the production processes, light materials armour research is conducted. The results shows the Boron can meet all the requirements. Boron is a trivalent metalloid element which occurs abundantly. The crystalline form isotope of the Boron - Boron-10 is suitable for armour production. It is black and extremely hard. It would also serve as radiation protection.

9. Boron Carbide Armour - Additional enhansement of the Boron armour properties can be achieved by using the Boron Carbide. Boron carbide (B4C) is an extremely hard ceramic material, one of the hardest materials known. Boron carbide can be produced industrially by the carbo-thermal reduction boron oxide in an electric arc furnace. This armour is cheap, light and can be produced in large quantities easily. In addition it provides good neutron protection whic makes it ideal for spacecraft protection.

10. Borazon Armour - Boron nitride(BN) is a chemical compound , consisting of equal numbers of boron and nitrogen atoms. BN is isoelectronic to a similarly structured carbon lattice and thus exists in various crystalline forms. The cubic (sphalerite structure) variety, analogous to diamond, is called c-BN. Its hardness is inferior only to diamond, but its thermal and chemical stability is superior. The rare wurtzite BN modification is similar to lonsdaleite and may even be harder than the cubic form. Using these materials in armour plating makes the penetration resistance of the armour even better.

11. Carborundum Armour - Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum, is a compound of Silicon and Carbon. It occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral Moissanite, but is remarkably common in space. It is a common form of stardust found around carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch stars. Using SiC for armour production was possible, when synthesis of large Carborundum crystals was invented. In the first synthesis method, SiC powder is sublimated in Argon atmosphere at 2500

C and redeposited into flake-like single crystals at a slightly colder substrate. This process yields high-quality single crystals, mostly of 6H-SiC phase. Syntesized crystals can be arranged as fish scales, on Borazon fibre pads. This composition of armour (immediately nicknamed "Dragonscale") gives lighter an superior protection for the spacecraft, comparing to earlier armor types.

Reply #2 Top

12. Advanced Carborundum Armour - More durable cubic form of the Carborundum is usually grown by the more expensive process of chemical vapor deposition (CVD), forming a larger and thicker crystal plates. The new armour composition (unofficialy called "Brick Armour") have 10% better penetration resistance, while is technologically easier to construct.

13. Monocrystal Carborundum Armour - The ultimate Carborundum armour can be manufactured using Pyrolysis method - the thermal decomposition of a polymer, poly(methylsilyne), under an inert atmosphere at low temperatures. Relative to the CVD process, the Pyrolysis method is advantageous because the polymer can be formed into various shapes prior to thermalization into the ceramic.

This allows to syntesize any size and shape armour plates with flawless and homogenous structure.

14. Osmium Armour - Osmium is an extremely dense, blue-gray, hard but brittle metal that remains lustrous even at high temperatures. Due to its hardness, brittleness, and very high melting point (the fourth highest of all elements), solid Osmium is difficult to machine, form, or work. Osmium is generally considered to be the densest natural element (twice as dense as Lead). Because of the volatility and extreme toxicity of its oxide, Osmium is used in its pure state, and is instead often alloyed with other metals. Those alloys are utilized in high-wear applications. Osmium alloys such as Osmiridium are very hard and decisively surpasses any other metal armour penetration resistance. The main drawback is that Osmium is rare and thus very hard to produce and expensive.

15. Tantalum Carbide Armour - Tantalum Carbide(TaC) is an extremely hard refractory, heavy, brown ceramic material. Its hardness is only exceeded by Diamond. Tantalum carbide has the distinction of being the stoichiometric binary compound with the highest known melting point, at 4150 K. The substoichiometric compound TaC0.89 has a higher melting point, near 4270 K. Tantalum carbide-graphite composite material, is one of the hardest materials ever synthesized.

16. Heterodiamond Armour - Heterodiamond is a superhard material containing boron, carbon, and nitrogen (BCN). It is formed at high temperatures and high pressures, e.g., by application of an explosive shock wave to a mixture of diamond and cubic boron nitride. The heterodiamond is a polycrystalline material coagulated with nano-crystallites and the fine powder is tinged with deep bluish black. The heterodiamond has both the high hardness of diamond and the excellent heat resistance of cubic BN. These characteristic properties are due to the diamond structure combined with the sp3 ?-bonds among carbon and the hetero atoms.

17. Beta-Carbon Nitride Armour - Examining the nature of crystalline bonds scientist theorised that carbon and nitrogen atoms could form a particularly short and strong bond in a stable crystal lattice in a ratio of 1:1.3. That this material is harder than diamond. The material has been considered difficult to produce and could not be synthesized for many years. Recently, the production of beta carbon nitride was achieved. For example, nanosized beta carbon nitride crystals and nanorods of this material were prepared by means of an approach involving mechanochemical processing.

18. Ultrahard Fullerite Armour - Fullerites are the solid-state manifestation of fullerenes and related compounds and materials. "Ultrahard fullerite" is a coined term frequently used to describe material produced by high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) processing of fullerite. Such treatment converts fullerite into a nanocrystalline form of diamond which exhibits remarkable mechanical properties, wich significally surpasses these of the diamond. The scientist suppose this is the hardest material can be produced by conventional chemistry.

19. Nanoshell Armour - The advance in nanoengineering technlogies clear path to creation of even more durable materials than the Ultrahard Fullerite(UHF). The nanocontrolled synthesis of the UHF

allows a creation of armor, which have the atomic structure of the fullerite, but with perfectly homogenous structure, without flaws and anomalies. Literally, the this armour can be described as "single large monocrystal". Unoficially it was widely known as "Nanoshell armour".

20. Nanocomposite Armor - An advancement in nanoconstruction technologies allowed improvements of the nanoconstructed armor. In order to increase levels of protection and penetration resistance, inside the main Fullerite atomic grid, interwieving with it, is constructed another atomic grid, with different material structure. The project is top secret, and very little is known about it. Only officially confirmed information claims the structure of this armour is "osmium filled synthetic nanospheres".

21. Mumesic Armor - When the scientist realised, that all conventional ways to improve durability of the armour are exhausted, they turned to research on exotic matter. After long research, they manage to create stable Mumesic atoms, where Muons orbiting the atom nucleus in the place of an Electrons. Nanoconstruction of usable quantities of this matter to serve as armour is enormous task, but results are truli unbeliavable and exciting.

22. Hadronic Armor - Proving that the concept of exotic matter armour is true, the scientists continue to refine this technology. Experiments with Hadronic atoms, in which Hadrons orbiting the nucleus in the place of an Electrons cheate even more durable exptic matter armour. Some atomic instabilities was removed, and new advanced type of armour entered mass production.

23. Hypernuclear Armor - The ultimate exotic matter armour technology is achieved by creating a material consysted of hyperatoms, where atom nucleus contains Hyperons, with Mesons orbiting the nucleus. Unbelievable density of this material makes them impervious by almost any level kinetic attack.

24. Tetraquark Armor - Experiments with Strange matter revealed way to compose new stable exotic particle - Tetraquark is a exotic meson composed of two valence quark-antiquark pairs. In principle, a tetraquark state is allowed in Quantum chromodynamics, the modern theory of strong interactions. The established tetraquark state is an example of an exotic hadron which lies outside the quark model classification. Combining Tetraquarks in stable strong interaction bonded dense particle grid gives a new tipe of armour - Tetraquark or also called "Exomesonic" armour.

25. Pentaquark Armor - Enhansement of the Tetraquark armour leads to new type of exotic matter armour - Pentaquark Armour, a dense particle grid of Exotic Baryons, consisting of four quarks and one antiquark, also called "Exobaryonic Armour".

26. Dihyperon Armor - most sophisticated type of Exotic matter armour.

Dibaryons are a large family of particles that would consist of six quarks of any flavours. They are predicted to be fairly stable once formed. Confirmed existence of a stable H-Dibaryon, made by combining two UDS-Hyperons leads to creation of ultimate Strange Particle armor - The Dihyperon Armor, a particle grid of H-Dibaryons with density of the core of Neutron star.

27. Gluonium Armor - The ultimate armor, Gluonium solely consists of Gluon particles, without valence Quarks. Such a state is possible because gluons carry color charge and experience the strong interaction. Field testing reveals unsurpassed penetration resistanse of this kind of armour. It is unsuspectedly even better then was teoretically predicted. The precise measurements reveals, that some of the kinetic energy of the penetrator "vanishes". The speculations are, that a part of the kinetic energy is absorbed by the Gluons, turning them into "excited state" for a short duration. When they back into normal state, additional energy is stripped as Gluino particle, which later decay into Neutralino particle and Quark-Antiquark pair.

Reply #3 Top

Do you know how to actually make the techs? If not, I can do so with the information you provided (plus a little more).

Reply #4 Top

I agree you have some nice tech ideas I made a perfect mod these  would be great for will pm it to you I don't have time to work on it\ With work on the dune and stargate mod.

so if you like it its yours if you want it.

Reply #5 Top

Anyone know if there's been an update on this? I'm always interested in hard science fiction, and I'd play a mod like this. I'm especially curious to see the engines; there are real theories on how to go FTL and I'd be interested to see if you used one of them.

Foxthree - uh, is it just me, or do those race images look... sort of familiar? I'm 90% that's a Borg on the bottom right, and most of the others ring a bell.

Reply #6 Top

I guess it does look like a borg I found the image on a modding websight i've been quite busy with three mods im working  on updating the B5 mod,startrek mirror universe the stargate mod and finishing scoutdog ships for his mod.