The game starts slowly, ends big.
To begin with, go spend some time in the Arena to get some starting cash and a few bonus levels. It also will let you practice combat without getting slaughtered.
Then head out and do some head hunting. Find forest bandits, battle them and sell them to slavers for more cash. Get your leadership skill up so you can recruit more troops.
This is the point at which you're ready to "do your own thing." Mount and Blade is the kind of game where people who don't pick a side in something have less to do. So. You have some choices. You can visit lords until one of them eventually wants you do to something that will make you an enemy of one of the nations. Or you can sign up as a mercenary and serve tours of duty for different nations. While you're serving as a mercenary, the faction you're at war with will temporarily hate you, and you basically have a blank check to go burn their towns and kill their armies. While you're serving as a mercenary captain, you'll be asked to follow around one of the faction leaders to support them while they do patrols or siege castles.
Being a mercenary is a great way to get post battle loot (your primary source of income, your mercenary pay doesn't cover more than chunk of your army.) You can also take beaten lords hostage and ransom them for lots of dosh.
On the downside, being a mercenary means you're hired help. You don't get to share in the real spoils unless you're actually a lord of that nation. If you've done well by your employers, they'll offer to make you a lord of their realm. This isn't a permanent decision...but it's the end of you being a neutral player in the world.
If you like your independence, you have three other options. One, you can just be a trader. Which is pretty boring to me. Two, you can be a raider and live fairly well off looted villages. But you eventually make enemies of the nations and dig yourself a very deep negative faction reputation. Three, you can try to start a kingdom of our own, by taking territory from another nation as your own. This however will make you the enemy of that nation for all time.....and the other nations will also probably try to take you down since you're now the weakest of the great nations.
The gameplay path that holds the most to do is the lordship path, whether it's for one of the other factions or for yourself. Once you own land you can start modifying and improving it.
So really it's up to you how you proceed. Having bought M&B years ago, I shelled out $20 for Warband, and while I haven't played it for a while, I consider a good game I can always go back to. I haven't yet found a game that dose mass infantry and cavalry combat like M&B.