The devs gave the turrets some decent abilities in entrenchment. The vasari turret stops passive hull reintegration. The TEC cannon gets missiles at tier 4, and it's actually a nasty ability if in numbers of 10+. The advent get the most unique one. If you cluster turrets together, they do more damage based on how clustered and close to others they are.
Except for starbases, it's hard for me to argue that defenses can stand alone. There are upgrades for the defenses now, so these can stand on their own feet for some time, but fleets get so large that by later stages of the game, standard defenses don't cut it on their own. They WILL, however, serve as great and LETHAL support for a very upped starbase with a few repair bays near it. That much I will say, does work.