All of it, actually-base times funded rate-but neither social's bonus nor military's bonus is applied.

4. They should be-DA got a 2.0 update as well, but if memory serves the only real change was the spying system.  (DL got an update to 1.53 about the same time the 2.0 update went out, but that was just Vista stability fixes.)

5. Define buggy?

2. In Options-->Interface find Remove functional components when upgrading a ship design and uncheck it.

7. Planet Details screen from Colony Manager will show you your starbase bonuses for the planet, but that's not what you're asking.  You're looking for the Stats & Graphs screen in the Civilization Manager window-the totals for your abilities include any mining resource starbases you may have, any racial abilities you may have, whether from customization or from techs, and any bonuses you get from anomalies as well-they all count as "racial" bonuses.  If memory serves it also shows the political party bonus there as well but I'm not 100% positive of that.

8. Other than Ctrl + P being remapped to Ctrl + Shift + N in TA, I think they're all here.

9. Courage has had its description updated for the TA manual-it has no effect on land battles; it's a space effect.  I don't remember the specifics, but I believe it functions similar to the luck bonus when you're outnumbered/outgunned.

10. You can switch production to a different social project and the production invested on anything still in the queue is not lost.  The same does not apply for ships because there is no ship build queue.

D'oh.

You are correct-I was thinking of transferring to next in line on completion, which doesn't happen with social either anyway.

12. You're looking in the wrong place-you'll find that they're included in the numbers in the Stats & Graphs screen.  Trade goods are civ-wide.

13. Civilization Manager --> Colony List.  F1 planet list can also do it but the colony list is so much more user friendly.

14. Not repairable.  Why are you using mass drivers anyway?    You do lose tiles-there's a bug where it factors in the base planet quality, so in some instances you can actually wind up gaining tiles (for instance bomb a class 8 which started as a class 5 and it'll go down to a class 4, which, voila, becomes a class 15/16 with terraforming) but it's not often there are opportunities to take advantage of that, and it really needs to get fixed.

15.  Some percentage of the planet's current population-I want to say 25% but that's probably wrong.

16. The three things that are factored in are tech, soldiering, and pseudo-randomness, so it's hard to say exactly...especially since I don't use traditional warfare often.  Information warfare gets me more troops, and denies them from the enemy, and in TA you're going to lose a lot of buildings anyway so tidal disruption isn't half bad.  But in general if you have anywhere from 50% to 75% of the planet's pop in your transports then you have a decent chance of taking the planet, when soldering is equal (in my experience).  More is better, obviously.

17. Where is +10 defense referred to as +1?  The only thing that really does that is speed, which shows +10 but gives +1.

I started typing up a response to that question but it's been a while since I've looked at it and I never researched it in any great detail.

It does seem however that the experience required for your ship to reach the next level is highly dependent on your ship's attack.

I am aware that doesn't make much sense, but the last time I looked, that is what I observed.

Beyond that I'm afraid I can't give raw numbers or even ratios for how much you need for each level.

For what it's worth you only get experience (in my...experience) for killing off armed ships.

Lastly, all ships in a fleet get the full amount of experience that a single ship gets, so if you're trying to level up ships it's best to have them in the largest fleet you can manage (incidentally as you should have them at the lowest attack you can manage this is the only way they're going to kill anything).  I've only tested this with identical ships, though-I have no idea what bearing having a 500 attack behemoth in a fleet with 25 attack ships will do to the experience earned.

If you'd like I can look into this in more detail in the next couple of days, but I can't promise a fast turnaround, as real life has me jumping through flaming hoops at the moment.

I was under the impression that XP gain was based on the ratio of your ship's total cost to the target's total cost, but I can see how the attack ratio might work as well - the two values track pretty well together. You CAN gain XP from unarmed ships, but it's almost always a minimal amount.

As for what it does, it increases the HP of your ship.

Update!

Total cost doesn't have anything to do with it.

Sorry Willy.

The experience required to level up your ship is based on your ship's attack + defense.  It's effectively a 1-to-1 ratio.  It seems to be one more than this value (possibly influenced by the fact that there's a hidden 1% bonus to attack and defense even in the absence of bonuses, not positive) for the first level and increasing by 1 + half of your attack + defense value for each additional level.  Roughly.

The experience you gain for killing a ship is based on the attack + defense of the ship that you kill.  This is also effectively 1-to-1.  Willy states that you can in fact gain experience from unarmed ships and I've seen others mention this as well, but I'm not sure why they are assigned a non-zero value, although it's most likely a value of one.

Hull sizes and ship costs don't seem to have an impact.

And in attempting to determine the percentage of hp that a level increases it by, I've just now managed to crash my game.

Joy!