A few things to slightly cheese your way in Maso. (You possibly/probably do all these anyway. )
Tech whoring
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You can keep up with tech without ever researching anything with tech trading on. Every turn you need to go to the relations screen and look for a new tech only owned by one civ. Even better if it is a minor as your not giving your money to a rival. You just pay cash for tech then sell it to the others... Even on Maso it tends to be that you are not paying more than 4 times more than each civ gives you. E.g. you buy for 400 and sell 8-10 times for 100 each. It really doesn't then matter how fast they research.
This means you probably have to put some points into diplomacy to start with. You also need to be fairly friendly with someone who will give you weapons tech...the Yor seem particularly useless at trading so I generally pester them. As you say trying to keep up on your own in the early part is particularly daunting.
Generally, I have a little initial burst of tech... so that I can research the bare essentials, uni translator + imperial rule + stock exchanges + ethics, but then let others do the work until I can compete.
Manufacturing
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Ctrl-N until you get a whopping manufacturing production bonus on your home world and play with tight clusters and make sure you get a decent cluster of planets. If you get the huge 700 or 800% bonus on your homeworld then just add the manuf capital to that and you are really going to keep up for quite a while.
Economy
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In general it is all about economy in the early game. If you ever drop from 100% spending you have probably lost. So you need to get your home planet profitable really quickly. Gal Stock Exchanges are wonderful (they are one of the few techs to research yourself). Never trade them away and hope the AI doesn't do them too soon... that way you should keep up.
Keep on the front foot
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If you have a close neighbour play to take them out v early as the AI still is vulnerable to you grabbing their homeworld without much of a fight (if they are still in colonise mode and one of the civs has kindly researched planetary invasion for you). Just because you are playing good/neutral doesn't mean you can't attack your neighbour without provocation.
A strategy where you are doing what everyone else is doing, but slower is always going to fail. Keep away from paths the AI choses. If you are ahead in one thing then make that the thing that matters most. Economy and Production are the two where you DO have a chance to get to be ahead of someone (not top... just someone). If you are then pick on them mecilessly. If you are ahead in production build the ships. Attack anyone weaker than you that has a resource mine. You need those to mines to catch up.
The AI does seem to stall eventually, enough for you to catch up so long as you keep finding someone slightly weaker than you, with no friends so that you can kill them. But beware about killing their last few planets because
a) you want to get them to make peace and then build relations back up with them so you can continue tech whoring.

you get a bad name for wiping off their last few planets.