Unfortunately for us, that one is 'working as designed'. Ships and starbases get back HP only with the passage of time, and at the moment, there is not a way to send other ships to repair them (at least, not a way that I know of).

Of course, one way to deal with the issue (with regards to space stations) is to make a few ships of your own, and strike their fleets before they attack your station... but I know that I would appreciate it if there was a way to repair damaged ship/bases as well. A way other than 'waiting'.

I do smash their ships, usually, but occasional s**t happens & some get through. Setting up Stabases with added armor, missiles etc via Constructors is good sense but I'd still like to know 'How long to regenerate hit points'

Definatly something that needs to be added. What? a race is so advanced that it can make huge city sized space stations but cant patch them up? With enough contructors you can technicaly build a full huge city starbase in 1 week but you can only repair 1 hp a week? Not right at all.

Alternatively, if you have good diplomacy skills, you can trade that starbase to someone at peace with your enemy for money, tech, or another starbase until it's repaired, and then trade for it back. This prevents it from being destroyed by your enemy, and depending on who you trade with you may actually make a profit on the deal.

They do. Ships target the weakest target first, which is sure as HELL not your starbase. As such, the starbase will be the last thing they attack

no modual for fleet controll samuria, but if you follow the chain of starbase defences even to the second tier they become quite powerful. with max starbase defence they get like 80 something attack and high 70s defence. playing on normal ive yet to see anything but the odd pirate (who for some reason, much like any new minor races appearing, allways show up in ships at my tech level and just smash the AI lol) that can tackle one of those 'death stars' and even tickle it.

their is also a racial pick that allows for faster ship repair iirc, though ive never used it.