Generally, a good starting fleet is a colony cap, with some scouts and LFs (For Vasari, their LRFs come early enough to be used instead). For the next ships, it really depends on what your enemy is making. Typically, most people go to LRFs early on in the game, so making more scouts and flak is highly recommended. Early on, most fleets are either scout/LF with LRFs coming in soon. With scout\LF fleets, going pure LF is the way to go.
With TEC, try to get Hoshiko cruisers quickly. They're very cheap and can make an enormous difference in an early battle. With Advent, getting Illuminators and Defense vessels are highly recommended. And Vasari... well, Assailants can come out extremely quickly, but otherwise, keep getting more of those and Sentinels until you can get out carriers.
Once HCs come out, you need Bombers and your own HCs. LRFs can work if you have enough, but are usually too frail to take on massed heavies. The exception is Advent; Illuminators can currently hold your own and even take out heavies. But generally, massed Bombers will kill them easily.