I don't expand very fast, and a great deal of my economy got funnelled into R&D, so please don't criticize me, as I have only once played with other people, and it was in a comp-stomp
I'm not criticizing you, I'm well aware that you're primarily a singleplayer gamer. What I'm pointing out is that the economic position you're talking about is exceptionally weak by the 8-hour mark, which is why n3rull said "/cry".
You can talk about R&D expenditures all you like, the fact remains a mature economy should generate enough cash to complete the entire tech tree in under an hour. By the 8-hour mark, you've had all the time in the world to expand and consolidate to your heart's content, and your tech tree should have been completed hours ago.
And if a planet is fully upgraded in terms of tactical capacity, and also has a High Security Protocol resource on it, then you can actually put 2 Novaliths or Kosturas onto the world
Yes, high security protocol and weapon's test facility can enable two novaliths, but these are exceptions and will not allow you to systematically build two superweapons per world. Most of the time in 8 or 9 hour games superweapons are built in bulk, like 40 or 50 of them.
You also forget that the Novalith is on the MILITARY tree, not the CIVIC tree. The Advent's power is culture.
So? This isn't a big deal. The only faction that has a significant advantage in reaching its superweapon is Vasari, due to not requiring any prerequisite technologies. By the 2-hour mark, putting up a few extra labs is a very minor cost. If anything, Advent will want to bring out allure of the unity (an awesome 8-lab level technology on the civic tree), whereas TEC has few worthwhile technologies requiring 6 or more military labs.
Sure, they do have access to some cool weapons tech, but culture is their strongpoint. The TEC's strongpoint is in economics, military, and defense.
In practice, this isn't quite true. Advent turn out to be the game's strongest military faction in huge fleet battles; in fact, I'd never fight an Advent fleet head-on without a numerical or tech advantage. Fortunately, Advent is also the weakest faction when it comes to small battles without their capital ships or support cruisers. Moreover, any faction can be strong at anything, the variations between them aren't as absolute as they first appear. I was spamming trade and culture as Vasari the other day. My start location and strategy easily outweighed the fact that my faction wasn't very good for this.
In any case, back to the topic at hand: in a realistic scenario a novalith isn't actually that big of an asset. 10 or 20 of them is fearsome, but that's rarely if ever seen.