'Scuse me while I trim and fiddle with this...
-What Difficulty are you playing on?
Number of anomalies: Abundant
-So you are getting additional sources of exploration out there right? To increase the rate of $$$ anomolies. (Not sure on the size limitations as to how many are effective unfortunately)
I use +40% economy and +40% research, with Altarians as default race choice and Technologists as default party (I love tech!).
-IIRC, increasing your tech bonus simply allows you to spend more than normal on tech, it doesn't actually give you a bonus, though I'm pretty fuzzy on this. You would do well to either wait for someone who knows what they are talking about to answer, or have a quick search of the forums for some of the excellent stuff others have put up about it.
The basic problem is a crippling lack of gold. I start deficit spending on day one and it takes ages upon ages upon ages to get out of it (for this game, 2-3 game years). The deficit usually runs into -2xx bcs pretty soon, and might go even higher (up to -6xx).
-You might have touched on something already, how do you start to balance your income/spending? You must eventually balance it after a few turns, otherwise you would rapidly end up thousands in debt.
What am I doing wrong?
1. Am I leasing too many Labs to start with? I normally lease the homeworld full of Labs, except for two spots (for Tech Capitol and Social Matrix). This game I leased 2-3 and then eventually the Technological Capital, but I still had to sell tech to stay alive.
-Yes. Remember you are now putting your empires FULL capacity to work. Whatever you usually start off with building-wise in a "normal" mixed Fact/labs approach, try 1/2 that many labs.
Also, while I'm not a guru on all labs strats, I'm linking Lease & money trouble for a large portion of the problem here.
2. Am I colony-rushing wrong? Usually I lease buy 2-3 Colonizers, depending on how many worlds I see, and I might lease more if I see high PQ planets about.
-Again with the leasing, I would wager very strongly that this is where your problems are.
3. Am I mishandling trade? This game I upgraded one of my Colonizers to Freighter after it became apparent there were no more worlds left, and I spent some time building a couple more (delaying tech).
-Trade is worth very little in monetary terms, it's best use is to make other civ's like you. I doubt that pretty much any amount of trade would help you.
4. Am I researching the wrong techs? I prioritize the techs that give universal bonus to something (eg. Planetary Improvements). Diplomacy techs I get all of them, although I usually delay Expert Diplomacy / Majesty / Total Majesty until I finish advancing government. Research tech I get when my labs finish upgrading, whenever that might be. Military tech I rush Planetary Invasion with some weapon theories just so I can invade someone quickly. While building a Transport I might get some Soldiering tech. Sometimes I have to research morale out of desperation so I can use higher tax rates. Other times I have to research influence out of desperation so I get more tourism income. Miniaturization, bank buildings (aside from Xeno Economics with +5 economics), Life Support, Advanced Hulls, farming etc. I leave for later.
-Anything with Pop growth or +econ would be highly recommended, obviously don't sell your diplo techs to the AI, and there are some techs the AI values much more than others, though it you are taking the shirt off their back anyway, I doubt it will matter much. As you mentioned, the Goverments will probably be a good thing. I have always considered the morale techs to be vital, as as you pointed out, they allow for much more taxes, and taxes account for a large portion of your income.
5. Am I developing planets wrong? Typically the homeworld gets crammed full with Labs, with one spot for the Technological Capital and the Social Matrix. Other worlds I colonize get nothing built except Recruiting Center when it comes along; otherwise they just sit there accumulating population.
-Seems good, though I think you might be a bit hasty on how many labs you have early. Also handy to get some Econ on your HW as it will by default have a good size pop, or any other large pop world. Though the nothing on early planets thing is a definate goer.
6. Am I mishandling tax rate? Usually I stick to 100% morale until I can't maintain 100% morale even with 0% tax rate, then I raise taxes to whatever leaves me with reasonable morale. Still, even with high tax rate early I usually still deficit spend.
-Depends on what you call reasonable morale, but other than that, the only thing to mention is that morale is a world by world thing, once you can no longer maintain 100% on all, consider which world need it and plan some +morale improvements (especially the nice 1BC for +20% or better ones if you can get them early)
7. Am I mishandling resources? If there's some nearby I lease Constructors to grab them, but because of money problems I usually don't upgrade.
-There's that L word again. If you see any resource, I would grab it, if only to ensure someone else doesn't, but I would definately fully develop an Econ or morale resource.
8. Am I going to war too early? I notice normally when I seize planets my debt gets worse ... high spending, low population, and I have to build the Transport + fund an invasion tactic.
-This one is difficult, it's more of a timing thing and depends greatly on the situation at the time, but war is often an expensive excersize. I tend to prefer a slightly later war than many here, but for you at the moment, I would advise you hold off until you are more stable economically. After all, someone you are at war with is someone you can't tech whore yourself out to.
9. Am I mishandling treaties? I usually try to get all the treaties (both Research and Economic) from all major races as fast as possible. I don't get treaties from minor races since they're the ones I invade first all the time. Getting the treaties is usually pretty easy since I've got more than enough tech to offer an attractive package. The problem though is I don't know precisely when the AI gets willing to trade though, so sometimes I miss a couple of treaties, and worst of all, the AI generally doesn't want to trade for well over a year, all the while during which my economy is burning.
-I have found that the MASSIVE asking price for the AI treaties inside the 1st year is not even close to worth it. I would suggest putting this off until later, but if you have 30+ techs and they have no money, then yeah, grab that econ treaty.
10. Am I simply using the wrong strategy? Perhaps AllLabs doesn't work in ToA, or perhaps it doesn't work on the particular map settings I use? Or maybe selling tech is something to expect with AllLabs? If so, it'll just get worse when I move to higher difficulty then because I'd have to sell my Diplomacy and weapons techs too ... and it means I can't turn tech trading off.
-I would suggest that tech selling is something to expect early with an all labs strat, though as mentioned earlier, I'm not an expert.
Overall, I think you may just be pushing your tech too hard too fast in combination with leasing (which, IMHO, should only be done either when you expect to win so soon, the cost per turn of leasing would work out better than buying, or when you simply must have that project/ship/whatever next turn or face significant losses.)