CB alone does something along the line of 2k damage, it's too easy to destroy an entire fleet with CB alone if you cast it right and the enemy fleet is in a tight formation.
The fact that it is far easier to get a false positive result in the test (any direct fire damage will be propagated to an absurd amount, CB effectiveness largely dependent on fleet positioning, etc. ) compared to a negative result (zero damage done to a malice'd ship) makes me a bit inclined towards non-propagation. And that most of the tests you conducted involve something like "very noticeable", "XXX screenshot". To be honest, in the first test I did, I did go like "oh sh*t, this combo is imbalanced!" after CB killed half of the enemy fleet. But after a few more tries and careful positioning, it was apparent (to me at least) that CB damage was not propagated by malice, at least on the enemy capital ship.
Here is what I did:
1) phase into enemy planet with progenitor and radiance
2) Kite enemy fleet with progenitor (it was level 9 so it takes a long time to kill ~.~
3) cast CB on closest enemy ship (radiance starts to turn and aim)
4) 1-2 seconds before CB is casted, use malice on enemy fleet (most of enemy fleet now shines with malice effect, including capital and that frontal ship CB is being casted upon)
5) Check HP of enemy capital after CB is over
I repeated my test several times and I can tell you how Exactly (not approximately, not noticeably) how many HP the enemy capital lost every single time. It lost 0. Zero. Nada. Either Malice effect is not propagated to capital ships, or it does not propagate CB. I am inclined towards the later, as it does not propagate matyrdom neither. My personal belief is that malice only propagates direct fire damage, not ability damage.
I know for a fact Malice and CB work together. I took out 3/4s of a pirate base in one blow. There's no other explanation for seeing that many explosions in unison.
You can clear a pirate base with ~25 illums and a level 5 progenitor in less than half a minute. In the time it takes the radiance to cast and finish casting CB, the pirate base should have well been wiped out regardless of the presence of your radiance.
One only has to look at the screens in https://forums.sinsofasolarempire.com/304319 to see why, specifically the 10th and 11th.
You can easily reproduce that particular screenshot to that effect with malice alone.
Obviously my test was done in 1.02, so I can't post the replay I did my test with... it was deleted long ago anyhow ~.~ If any of you have a replay of the test you conducted, I would really appreciate it if you can share it here.
My friend who tested the same thing independent of me was Ganandorf

Maybe he could show up and tell us what he did with his tests?
Ares