1) Do uninhabitable gravity wells (gas giant, asteroid belt, plasma storm) count as wild cards for the purpose of developing your longest trade route?  Or does the fact that you can't built a trade port there restrict the length of your trade route?

If the latter is the case, does this mean that if you and an ally have a trade pact, but you have an uninhabitable planet or a buffer zone between you, neither of you benefits from the trade pact?

2) Someone said elsewhere on the forums that "adding a culture centre to a planet raises the local loyalty factor by 10%."  Were they referring to the planet's actual allegiance rating, or did they mean the planet's allegiance cap?  Do culture centers grant an instant 10% allegiance boost on the world where you build them? 

I had been under the impression that culture centers increased your culture output, which in turn allowed you to boost the loyalty rating on all your worlds by 10%.  But does the planet who builds the culture center get something more?