Okay, I am still very new. How do I "crank up the research"? I know I can buy more labs, but my pitiful 2 planets are full. I found an economy slider, does that work in addition to the number of labs I have? Is there a cost to raising the research bar and lowering manufacture if I am not building any ships or buildings?
While I am at it, I saw a tax rate, I have not touched it should I raise or lower it, my citizens are already kinda unhappy (I am guessing from max pop with 1 farm and no entertainment).
Yes, it's those sliders you adjust. Drop your Military to nothing and give those points to Research instead. And yes you should be adjusting your tax rate, it will allow you to build more and research faster. I turn my taxes up until my approval rating reaches 45%. After that my overall unhappiness goes into the red. I've had no problems with it being in the yellow range though.
And you don't want to neglect your buildings either. Keep your social spending at around 30% so your planets can still build things. Just don't put any money into your military construction. So in the case of the Pirates, you'd have 70% Research spending, 30% Social.
You also should be building at least 1 Entertainment Centre to boost your people's Morale. More if you have a large planet with a high population. Keep an eye on your planet's morale, you'll see the percentage near the top of the screen. 45-50% or more is good. If it's less, build Entertainment Centres for your people. It's not necessary to have 100%, you can get away with much less. Just don't let it get too low.
Also, if you go into your Civilization Manager screen and the Colonies window, you'll see all your planet's morale ratings at once. If it's low, the number will be red. The same thing applies to how much money they're making. Any deficit will also show up as a red number. That's a very handy screen to keep tabs of your empire with, make sure to check it periodically, if not frequently.