Have any of you guys heard of a little know game called 'Stars!'? It was a...I dunno, maybe a Win95 game, so it's pretty old, done by probably just a couple of programmers. Some of the concepts in that game I have yet to see rivaled or beaten by any 'real' space game, including MOO/MOO2 and GalCiv2 (but GalCiv2 does really well).
In Stars! each race had 'habitability' statistics comprised of Tempature, Radiation and Gravity. A race could spend points to widen thier habitability sphere, even to make the whole band of a given stat as habitable--however, the middle of a given habitability band was considered ideal, and moving farther from that middle ideal made things less and less comfortable. You could even make one or all three habitability stats 'immune', giving your race a big advantage in colonization but it would suck in all other areas.
Each planet also had habitability stats, and with various levels of terraforming technology, a planet could be brought into line with your races' ideal living environment. You could colonize less-than-habitable planets, usually with x-number of colonists dying each year (or game turn/whatever) due to the harsh conditions of the planet.
The game also modeled Stargates, allowing Stargates to be placed on starbases as just another module. (Starbases were designed in advance with the modules they'd mount, like ships are in GC2, then just built. I don't remember anymore the exact menthod for building starbases in this game.) Stargates had a rating number which was how far it could teleport a ship, but there had to be a similiarly rated Stargate on the other side.
Starbases (or maybe plantes?) could mount inter-galactic mass drivers that could be used to shell planets several light years away (that was pretty fun).
All ships had a 'fuel' stat, making fast enignes seriously fuel in-efficient, making an engine trade off...sure, you could have that superfast starship, and it would have to stop to refuel half-way through the turn. Added nice balance very simply. There were also some cool engine ideas, like a Fuel-Mizer engine that had a medium cruising speed that used almost no fuel, while speeds faster than the efficient one caused exponentialy increasing fuel consumption, often much greater than standard engines. There were also 'ram-scoop' type engines that could gather fuel from intergalactic hydrogen (or whatever), allowing them to refuel to some extent. Also, the hyperspace travel in the game was based on 'warp' numbers, with early engines not capable of passing low warp numbers, while the most advanced engines could cruise at warp 8 or 9 and sprint short distances at warp 10 (which was the game maximum).
'Fleet oilers' could be designed so a warfleet could travel very long distances that would otherwise be impossible due to fuel restrictions on a given hull.
Hulls had a number of slots to be used for engines, weapons, armor/sheilds/defense, utility and general purpose, and probably some others. Things like cargo pods could be added (cargo ships had an innate cargo area, but cargo pods could be added on), fuel tanks, and other novel things (including cloaking devices) to create some cool custom ships.
All in all, I wish I still had that game. It had no graphics whatsoever, it was nearly 100% text in various windows to help you manage your empire. The galaxy was a bunch of white dots, and the 'combat viewer' was a big grid that had an icon for your ship, and an icon for the enemy ship (or ships, big fleet combat was supported), and cheesy graphics for weapons. But the game was super fun, with alot of very original things to consider for strategy. I can't remember if it had diplomacy, but I know there was trade in the game, so it must have had some basic diplomacy options.
I think the biggest problem with the game was that it didn't have much mass-market appeal. I'm not sure most gamers would take time to look at a warp-speed v. fuel consumption graph to determine how fast/efficient that engine really is, and if that makes it good for a warship or if it would be better for a trade ship. This is the game I got the Manuvering Jets idea from for my write up on tactical combat in that sticky thread. There was alot of just really great and cool stuff from that game that I've never seen before or since.
ETA:
Alright for Wikipedia! Those that are interested in seeing what I'm talking about can read the wiki here:
Stars! Wiki-link