It's not until you starting trying to write strategies down that you realise just how many variables need to be considered! Although I disagree with Z42, there is absolutely no need to buy colony ships even on a Tiny map. In fact I play Tiny and Small most of the time because my PC isn't really good enough! (See my other post above for my starting strategy in full, but..)
Say you have 11 tiles on your home world and no bonuses. You start with a star port. In week 1 buy a research building, week 2 a factory, week 3 a factory, week 4 a factory. Now queue up a farm and the rest market centres. So buy week 4 you have a home world capable of building your custom colony ship with Impulse drive in 2 weeks. However, it will take about 6 weeks to research up to Impulse Drive with the research path... Planet Quality -> (up to) Impulse Drive. So at week 6 you start building a fast colony ship and by week 8 your colony rush begins.
If you are playing a Tiny map it's probably best to ensure that you pick the right map to begin with. The ideal map would put you in the middle of a large cluster of stars. Definitely don't play maps that block you into a corner surrounded by other players! Also when you start the colony rush, send your ships as far out as possible, preferably close to or even beyond the boarders of other races and work your way back to your home world. You have to be sensitive to the fact that other races are rushing too and as someone else said, just leave low PQ planets below PQ7, especially low PQ planets in the predicted centre of your territory as these will turn due to influence.
The best thing is trade and capturing bonuses is unnecessary but try and research the diplomacy branch early in the game to prevent war. Also I don’t even bother researching weapons or defences until war is declared on me.
My research guide would be something like this.
Weeks 1-20: Planet Quality, up to Impulse Drive, Space Militarization, Impulse DriveII
Weeks 21-40: Xeno Research, up to Enhanced Militarization (get Micro Repair Bots), Basic Logistics, Advanced Hulls (get Hull Plating), up to Xeno Ethics (select Neutral)
Weeks 41+: Diplomacy (get Diplomatic Translators), Trade (get Economic Capital – build on home world replacing star port), Trade Centres, Entertainment, Basic Farming, up to Habitat Improvement (build Aphrodisiac). More of the Diplomacy Branch up to Majesty, entire Planetary Invasion branches (get TriQuan Training), Basic and Advanced Planetary defence.
Weeks++: Now the fun starts! Up to Industrial Sector, then up to Stock Market, then up to Neutrality Learning centre. At the same time Miniaturization, Logistics and up to Hull Plating although avoid Massive Scale building. Then when someone declares war, whatever defence I need and whatever weapon I feel like killing them with.
I usually just pummel my enemy with Medium Sized hulls, with Doom Rays and plenty of logistics! After I’ve built only two or three of these ships, most of the other races are begging for peace.