Courage - helps your invasion strength.

Creativity - one of those things that no one can pin down as to exactly what it does. I have tried it with some insane numbers ranging from 20% to probably 2000% and saw no difference in game play.

Attack/Defense - increases your ships (Starbases are counted as ships, I think) attack and defense numbers, but not hit points.

Luck - another one of those evasive bonuses, although not as much as Creativity. You are more likely to have planet bonus tiles, better rolls for invasion, that sort of thing. Maybe even better resources around the home planet.

PQ - increases the number of buildable tiles. If you colonize a PQ10 planet, the PQ number will be higher after colonization and you should have 11-12 tiles available depending on the bonus amount. But then again, the PQ does not always reflect the number of usable tiles. Might be better in 1.3 for this.

Range - I think it is 1 parsec, not sector. So it is a small increase. Probably better to get the life support techs than take a point hit for +1 sensor range. PQ or Population Growth would be more useful.

I don't know if the defense bonus rounds up or not.

No one knows what creativity does. No dev has answered that question with any certainty.
Some people say that you will advance an extra tech from time to time, or get one sooner. But simply adding research facilities does that, and I have never noticed any faster results with Creativity cranked up. IMO it is a waste of a bonus.

I just looked in AbilityBonuses.xml and the units are sectors for the Range bonus.

The thing is, you get the same effect if you have enough research facilities. I can get several techs in a single turn, not just 2, by having several NLC's at 70% or so. You get more than 1 tech because the research capacity overflows into the next in line. So if you have the research capacity to research 2 techs, or 3 or 4, in a single turn, it will happen.

And since Creativity does not increase anything on a turn by turn basis, it is basically worthless. It is too random, if it works at all, to be of any real use. Just build a few more research buildings and it will get you researching fast at a steady rate, instead of wasting bonus points hoping to get an extra tech here and there.

I can get several techs in a single turn, not just 2, by having several NLC's at 70% or so

What does NLC stand for?

And does anyone know for certain what the exact numerical effect is of having +10% to attack or defense? If say your attack is only 2 then it equals 2.2...so does 2.2 have any effect in game?

You mean if you always choose Neutral, we always get NLC's?
That's cool.

Didn't know the game worked that way. It must be psychic.

Easily moddable.

Luck can be mega useful, especially if you pair it with Universalist. Lots and lots of good "lucky" events/anomalies/bonuses.