yep. those tiles normally give me enough of an edge to win just about any game. but you didn't play your cards right.
i usually have only 1 or 2 heavy production planets. they allow me to crank out military vessels like there's no tomorrow. the rest of my planets are usually all research and economy. 1 farm, 1 morale, and 1 bank for every 3 research centers or so. any planet between about 8-12 or smaller ones with mineral bonuses, they also gets a starport and 2-4 factories, but those planets are almost continuously producing constructors.
building influece bases around your colonies will improve tourism income. eco bases with trade centers will improve trade income. personally i usually opt for eco bases, but influence points seem to also have a slightly positive affect on morale.
after that, if you're power-gaming, it's about grabbing resources. station a constructor near every resource. the AI scraps them from time to time for no good reason, so look around occassionally. either way, once they go to war the resource will probably be yours. the eco and morale resources will really help your economy if you develop them fully.
bottom line, when you get a precursor mine, you should be thrilled. honestly, my hardest games are the ones where i don't have a planet with a major industry bonus. to be totally honest, if a precursor mine did that to your economy, even early on, it sounds like it was headed for stagnation anyway.
but the other players here are right as well: sometimes it's better to develop a planet in one way early on, and then re-develop it later for newer needs. i find myself doing that with research/econ planets often, since without some industry early on it takes them forever to develop.
1 last point of advise: i'd advise you to be more cautious about food bonus tiles. 1 farm + 1 morale center of comprable tech should keep your citizens pretty happy even at a high tax rate. after that it becomes exponentially more difficult to keep citizens happy. when i get a large planet with a number of food bonuses, i usually turn it into my econ capital, and it's usually the 1 planet in my empire dragging down my otherwise 80-100% approval level. last game i was playing, my eco capital was a PQ 17 (after terraforming) with 1 +100% food tile, and 2 +300% food tiles. after maxing out farm tech, its max pop was 100 billion. i had to haul citizen to that planet consistently to get it's population up, but its economic output accounted for aabout a third of my gross income, and that was with control of about 20 colonies.
anyway, i don't think the game was ever designed to have a perfect way of developing your planets. that's the whole point of the PQ aspect, i think. but there are certain things to do when your empire is lagging in one respect or another, and a big part of that is re-developing planets when the need arises. that's something even the AI does on maso difficulty.
so yeah, good luck and happy hunting